Hexagram 29: Kan -

The Deep
Philosophy
Hexagram 29 digital artifact

Alan Watts - The Watercourse Way

Alan Watts (with Al Chung-liang Huang) (1975)

Published posthumously in 1975, The Watercourse Way was Alan Watts' final exploration of Taoist philosophy through water's metaphor. Written with Al Chung-liang Huang, it distills decades of thinking about wu-wei (non-forcing). Water doesn't struggle or push—it flows according to its nature: downward, around obstacles, filling every space. Yet nothing is softer than water, and nothing better at wearing away what is hard. 'The highest good is like water'—not passive but acting without illusion of separate agency. The stream doesn't decide to erode rock; erosion happens because water, being water, encounters stone. Wu-wei is eliminating the false self that thinks it must force outcomes. Water doubled—danger repeated, teaching repeated: danger isn't overcome by force but by remaining true to nature. Flow around it. Fill low places. Persist without striving.

Practical Integration

You're staring at a problem that won't yield to force. Architecture won't change through mandate. Teams won't align through pressure. Bugs won't reveal themselves through brute-force debugging. You push, the system pushes back. The Watercourse Way: active non-forcing. Water doesn't give up when it meets stone—it finds cracks, low places, paths of least resistance. Through those paths, over time, it wears stone away. You see the refactor that must happen, but timing's wrong. Team's not ready, resources aren't there, leadership has other priorities. Don't force it. Don't abandon it. Start with low places—small improvements nobody objects to, incremental changes flowing from what's already happening. Each commit adds to the new pattern. Water doesn't announce it's cutting a new channel; it flows, and eventually the channel exists. Watts: 'Muddy water, let stand, becomes clear.' You can't clarify muddy architecture meetings by vigorous stirring. Let sediment settle. Give the system time to reveal its own clarity. What people miss: wu-wei isn't laziness. Water is incredibly persistent, never stops flowing. But it doesn't exhaust itself battering what can't be moved today. It fills low places first—spaces ready to receive it—and through that filling, high places eventually erode. Identify where you're forcing. Where are you pushing uphill? Creating resistance through your approach? The Watercourse Way asks: what would this look like if it were effortless? Not because everything is effortless, but because when you align with reality's grain instead of fighting it, effort becomes flow. Water reaches its goal not by deciding to arrive but by never stopping its essential motion. The question isn't 'How do I force this outcome?' but 'What's the natural path already present that I'm not seeing because I'm too busy pushing?' Flow fills every low place before flowing on. Patience isn't passive—it's recognizing the river always reaches the sea, and the sea doesn't rush the river.

References & Citations

  1. Tao: The Watercourse Way by Alan Watts - Goodreads
  2. Alan Watts - Wikipedia
  3. Tao: The Watercourse Way - Full Text
  4. Alan Watts - The Way of Water (Wu Wei) - YouTube

The Judgment

The Abysmal repeated. If you are sincere, you have success in your heart, and whatever you do succeeds. Sincerity here means maintaining your essential nature through the trial—as water remains water whether flowing in streams or trapped in pits.

repeated
kǎnrisk
yǒube
true
wéito hold
xīnthe heart
hēngis fulfillment
xíngadvance
yǒuhas
shàngworth

The Image

Water flows on uninterruptedly and reaches its goal. Thus the superior man walks in lasting virtue and carries on the business of teaching. K'an doesn't promise safety, only that movement through danger is possible if you don't lose yourself in the descent.

shuǐthe water
jiànis
zhìarrive
repeated
kǎnexposure
jūnnoble
young one
accordingly
chángcontinues
in
xíngand action
practicing
jiàoteachings
shìand serving

The Lines (爻辭)

Line 1習坎入于坎窞凶

twice
kǎnexposed
entering
into
kǎnthe pit's
dànhidden
xiōngominous

Line 2坎有險求小得

kǎnthe pit
yǒuhas
xiǎnrisk
qiúseek
xiǎosmall
gains

Line 3來之坎坎險且枕入于坎窞勿用

láicoming
zhīand going
kǎnpit
kǎnafter pit
xiǎnthe narrow ledge
qiěis
zhěna resting place to rest
to enter
into
kǎnthe canyon's
dànhidden
is
yònguseful

Line 4樽酒簋貳用缶納約自牖終無咎

zūna jug
jiǔof wine
guǐa simple bamboo basket
èror two
yòngand utensils
fǒuof clay
handed
yuēsimply
through
yǒuthe window
zhōngin the end
no
jiùblame

Line 5坎不盈祗既平無咎

kǎnthe pit
is not
yíngoverly full
zhīto respect
attained
píngits level
no
jiùblame

Line 6係用徽纆寘于叢棘三歲不得凶

bound
yòngwith
huībraided
and stranded
zhìand put aside
in
cónga thicket
thorny brambles
sānfor three
suìyears
of no
gain
xiōngis unfortunate

Historical Context

Period

Zhou Dynasty

Traditional Use

Zhou Dynasty texts associate this hexagram with trials by ordeal, situations requiring passage through peril with no safe alternative.

Character Analysis

The trigram K'an means a plunging in. A yang line has plunged in between two yin lines and is closed in by them like water in a ravine. Paul's consciousness (yang) trapped between needle and box (yin), no exit except maintaining essential nature.

Configuration

Lower Trigram

Water

Upper Trigram

Water

Binary

010010

Energy State

Danger doubled, movement downward, risk of dissolution. Yang trapped between yin, repeated.

Trigram Symbolism

☵ Water (Upper) - Abysmal, Danger, Second Son, Water ☵ Water (Lower) - Abysmal, Danger, Second Son, Water Water doubled: the water that comes from above and is in motion on earth in streams and rivers.

For the classical Wilhelm translation and line-by-line commentary, see Wilhelm Translation.